|
This page contains a list of the members of the Utagawa school of Japanese artists, whose members designed paintings and woodblock prints in the ukiyo-e style from the late Edo period to the end of the Meiji period. ==Naming == The art-names of the artists were not produced through a consistent scheme. The artists of the second generation generally formed their art-names by taking the first ''kanji'' of their teacher’s name, and adding a different second ''kanji'' (e.g. Toyoharu, whose student was Toyohiro). Beginning with the third generation, the names were mainly created by starting with the second ''kanji'' of the teacher’s name, and adding another one to it (e.g. Toyokuni and his student Kunisada). However, in some cases during this stage the first kanji of the teacher's name was still used for the creation of name (e.g. Toyokuni and Toyoshige). Another, rare, variant was the use of the second ''kanji'' of the teacher’s name as the second kanji of the pupil’s name (e.g. Toyohiro and Naohiro). Occasionally the same art-name would be re-used by different, un-related artists at different times (e.g. Kunichika or Kunihisa). Equally possible was the use of homonymic names - ones which sound the same, but are written with different ''kanji'' (e.g. Hiromasa (広昌) and Hiromasa (広政)). After an event which left a teacher’s name unused, such as their death, retreat from artistic life, or a change in the art-name they used, the former name was often given to a preferred student. Therefore, some names continued to be used, with numbering to distinguish the various holders (e.g. Kuniteru I, II and III). Sometimes these numbers were used by the artists themselves, and sometimes they have been added much later, by people studying the field. An especially confusing case is the sequence of holders of the name 'Toyokuni'. After Toyokuni I's death, the name initially was taken over by his student and adoptive son Toyoshige I. It was not used again until Kunisada I started using it in 1844.〔Laurance, 'Kunisada', pg. 97〕 Kunisada I actually styled himself 'Toyokuni II', ignoring the fact that Toyoshige had already been the second user of the name; he is now uniformly known as 'Toyokuni III', however. His prior art-name, Kunisada, he gave to his son-in-law and adoptive son Kunimasa III, who became now Kunisada II from 1850 onwards. After Kunisada I's death, from about 1870 onwards Kunisada II called himself Toyokuni III (although we now label him Toyokuni IV - the numbering clash caused by Kunisada I's adoption of the name "Toyokuni II" continued to cause confusion), and he handed over the name Kunisada to Kunimasa IV (who thus became Kunisada III). The latter never used the name Toyokuni (although it sometimes alleged that he did so).〔Laurance, 'Kunisada III', pg. 97〕 The literature now indicates the following consecutive holders of these names (with the names they used given in sequence for each one, and using modern numbering for the users of the name 'Toyokuni'): * Toyokuni I * Toyoshige I / Toyokuni II * Kunisada I / Toyokuni III * Kunimasa III / Kunisada II / Toyokuni IV * Kunimasa IV / Kunisada III / Kōchōrō / Hōsai Some names used by Utagawa-school artists were also used by artists from other schools (e.g. Toyonobu, Shigenobu, Kunihiro e.a.), so the art-name alone is not sufficient for identification; the school name has to be added for an exact designation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of Utagawa school members」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|